Recommendation to Mitigate the Lac of InfoSec Policy

Recommendation to Mitigate the lack of InfoSec Policy Firstly, we identified that medium-sized company may suffer the problems as follows. The medium-sized companies usually have the same staff resources as the small organization, but they have a much larger personnel demand. The medium-sized companies have the worst ability to set policy, handle incidents, and effectively allocate resources. Based on the companys size, and the management structure we discussed above, we suggest that we use the Gartner Information Security Governance Model to assess the security problem of Inventure Foods, Inc. The Gartner Information Security Governance Model is most suitable for Inventure Foods type of business. It protects the information resources appropriately and efficiently given the company’s limited resources and overstretched personnel. The most important reason why we choose the Gartner Model is that it provides the blueprint for a complete security program and tells management the order about how to implement these security segments. Another reason is that the Gartner Information Security Governance Model is designed for companies that do not require high levels of security such as Inventure Foods. Additionally, Gartner Information Security Governance Model can be integrated as part of Inventure Food’s overall policy. Furthermore, the Gartner Information Security Governance Model is more about protecting the information resources efficiently and effectively beyond just the IT

The Effects of Tobacco Consumption - 1022 Words

There is presently much controversy regarding tobacco consumption and the effect that it has on first hand smokers and on the world as a whole. While millions of people from around the world are smokers and while the masses are generally familiar with the effects that tobacco has on society, people continue to accept smoking as one of the principal vices that society has to deal with. It is certainly worrying that people are presented with the harmful effects of smoking at a young age and that many come to ignore these effects later in their lives. Addiction and societys pressures influence individuals in expressing little to no interest in their wellbeing and in the wellbeing of individuals around them. When asking a typical cigarette smoker why he or she took up smoking, he or she is likely to answer by relating to the perceived relaxed condition that smoking inflicts on the consumer. Also, a great deal of individuals come to start smoking because they are pressured by people around them, especially during their adolescence years when they are vulnerable and when they consider that smoking makes a person cooler. In an attempt to be accepted by a group that they like, adolescents are predisposed to taking on a series of harmful activities, as they are no longer interested in their wellbeing and as they only seek recognition. Parents are also important when considering smokers, as a person whose parents are active smokers is more likely to take up smoking at a certainShow MoreRelatedHealth Risks Vs. Economics Of Tobacco Consumption1614 Words   |  7 Pagesresearched information on the how consumers continue to risk their health through the consumption of cigarettes regardless of ha zard warnings and how the government continues to implement increased taxation to economically affect those consumers. In today’s society, there are many more consumers that are becoming health conscious compared to consumers of decades before, but there are still those that are addicted to tobacco products making it more difficult to embrace their own health. In order to makeRead MoreSmoking Is Smoking A Lifestyle Or Disease?1503 Words   |  7 Pagestwenty-four-point reduction in smoking rates since the first tobacco study conducted and published by the Office of the U.S Surgeon General in 1964 (HHS, 2014). These numbers represent a massive improvement, but smoking is still a disturbing blemish for an increasingly health-conscious and aware society. Despite these surprising statistics, the question remains: Is smoking a lifestyle or disease? Is smoking similar in nature to malaria or influenza? Smoking tobacco seems to cause cognitive dissonance regardingRead MoreLoss Of Government Revenue From Tobacco Taxes791 Words   |  4 Pagesrevenue from tobacco taxes. According to a September 2013 report by the International Tax and Investment Center and Oxford Economics (ITIC-OE), In 2011, the Legal Domestic Sales of cigarettes fell by 80.6%, from 308 million cigarettes in 2010, to just 60 million cigarettes a year after the tax increase. Total Consumption (legal and illicit) is estimated at 317.9 million cigarettes in 2013, down 9.5% from 2012. However, only 2.4% or 7.7 million cigarettes constitute Legal Cigarettes Consumption. In 2013Read MoreScientific Abstract : Smoking And Alcohol Consumption1255 Words   |  6 PagesScientific Abstract Smoking and alcohol consumption are well established as risk factors regarding oral cancer incidence. Previous studies indicated a possible additive effect of alcohol and tobacco on oral cancer risk, yet no observational studies in the last 25 years have accounted for their interaction. This study was initiated to elucidate smoking and drinking single, joint and interactive effects on oral cancer incidence. A hospital-based observational study collected patient data using questionnairesRead MoreWhy Tobacco Should Be Banned From The United States Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pages Consumption of Tobacco is a worldwide phenomenon. Nearly every country is planning to raise more restrictions around the consumption of Tobacco. The awareness about its ill effects is rising through the corridors of Parliaments of many countries with the help of governmental and non-governmental organizations. There are some internationally recognized organizations like the â€Å"World Lung Foundations† that are striving hard to reduce the consumption of tobacco to a bare minimum. There are numerousRead MoreIndian Ban On Tobacco Advertisements1469 Words   |  6 PagesINDIAN BAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTS IN FAVOUR According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco accounted for over 3 million deaths in 1990, the figure rising to 4.023 million in 1998. It is estimated that tobacco related deaths would rise to 8.4 million in 2020 and to 10 million in about 2030. Internal industry documents released in the United States, described 14 – 24 year olds as â€Å"tomorrow’s business†. However, a study on tobacco consumption and employment, showed that effective policiesRead MoreGeneral Presentation Of Tobacco Industry1642 Words   |  7 Pagespresentation of tobacco industry History of tobacco The tobacco industry has a long history. It began with Native Americans who smoked through a pipe for medical and religious purposes (From the First to the Last Ash: The History, Economics Hazards of Tobacco, no date). This was before the arrival of European, which have heavily traded and popularized this resource during the industrial revolution. But the cigarette has not always been the most common type of consuming tobacco. During the 18thRead MoreImposing Taxes on Cigarrettes May Be Beneficial Essay examples810 Words   |  4 Pagesburden for producers is very little (See figure 2). Over 100 published international studies indicate almost without exception a statistically correlation between price and consumption of tobacco. They show that consumption decreases with increasing prices and consumption increases with decreasing prices. The price/consumption relationship is strongest in the socially weaker sections of the population; regardless of if the social status is measured by income or education (Response). Moreover, it seemsRead MoreEthical Challenges Of Tobacco Advertisements1170 Words   |  5 PagesETHICAL CHALLENGES OF TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENTS 1 Ethical Challenges of Banning Indian Tobacco Advertisements Poitier Stringer University of the People ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENTS 2 Ethical Challenges of Banning Indian Tobacco Advertisements The tobacco industry has long presented ethical challenges for governments that are tasked with looking after the public good. Tobacco producers have provided significant revenue for many economies, yet they specialize in the manufacturing and distributionRead MoreTobacco Advertising : A Worldwide Marketing Campaign895 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco Advertisement According to the World Health Organization, each year 6 million people die due to tobacco related illnesses. If current trends continue, it is projected that by 2030, tobacco will be responsible for more than 8 million deaths each year and 80% of these premature deaths will be among people living in low- and middle-income countries.† Tobacco advertising is a worldwide marketing campaign that displays bright and colorful images that appeal towards teens and young adults. These

The Silk Road Research Essay Sample free essay sample

My research about the Silk Road has been an educational escapade to the admirations of universe civilisation. The cognition I gained has led me to believe that integrity is critical to come on. By bridging Asia to Europe and Africa. people. thoughts. and civilizations were similarly interconnected that strengthened the geographic. economic. political. and spiritual dimensions of other states. I was amazed of how long the route was and the tremendous resources of work force and stuffs used in edifice such a monumental project. It was genuinely a singular accomplishment by adult male worthy of congratulations. I was besides surprised to see many images of rich historical landmarks. antediluvian ruins. and beautiful landscapes found along the route. Sing those images seemed to link me to the yesteryear and made me believe that in order to travel frontward we have to larn the lessons of our history. That is why it is highly of import to continue and protect our history. We will write a custom essay sample on The Silk Road Research Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However. some of these historical sites and sceneries are now threatened by hoarded wealth searchers and archeological diggings. The inspiring narratives behind this extraordinary human enterprise should learn us the values of cooperation and communicating. By sharing and esteeming other people’s beliefs and traditions. possibly we can work and populate peacefully in this helter-skelter universe of ours for coevalss to come. Mentions Silk Road Adventures Co. Ltd. ( 2006 ) . Silk Road Travel Guide. Photo Album: Musca volitanss Along the Silk Road. Retrieved January 19. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. silkroute. cn/photo_album01. htm Publitek. Inc. ( 2007 ) . Silk Road Photos and Images. Fotosearch. Stock Photography and Stock Footage. Retrieved January 19. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. fotosearch. com/photos-images/silk-road. hypertext markup language

Maxist View of Rose for Emily and Odour to Chrysanthemums Essay Example

Maxist View of Rose for Emily and Odour to Chrysanthemums Paper Marxism was a critical approach used by many writers. Authors, of that period, paid close attention to details and accurate facts. Marxism typically refers to a diverse set of social, economic, and historical realities. Both, A Rose for Emily, written by William Faulkner, and Dour to Chrysanthemums, written by D. H. Lawrence exhibit strong evidence that social interaction, economic status, and historical prospective isolate people from society. 80th stories depict a woman, In different extreme circumstances, alienated from the world around her. In Dour to Chrysanthemums the mall character is named Elizabeth. Elizabeth was an educated, proud, respected woman who was a wife of a coal miner, a devoted mother, and part of the working class. In a Rose for Emily the main character is Emily, at one time an aristocrat, and a symbol of the past generation. To prove that the three realities, mentioned above, could lead to alienation the reader must examine each point of Interest, starting with the historical background. When analyzing the history of a story, the reader must research the period It was written. Dour to Chrysanthemums was written between the end of the Victorian period in 901, and the beginning of WWW in 1914. During this period coal was a main energy source. Mines, the sites where coal was extracted, were dreary and the people involved in this type of work often led bleak, despairing lives. Human labor was needed for this work, and the exhaustion it produced, coupled with life threatening work conditions was often reli eved in pubs, or bars. Unfortunately, as Lawrence shows, the comforts of the pub were paid for at a high price In alcoholism and the disruption of home life. We will write a custom essay sample on Maxist View of Rose for Emily and Odour to Chrysanthemums specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Maxist View of Rose for Emily and Odour to Chrysanthemums specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Maxist View of Rose for Emily and Odour to Chrysanthemums specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Wives, or Elizabeth, in this case, were burdened with the care f large families on their husbands meager salary. Elizabeth was very alienated from the world around her because of her role as wife and mother in this specific time period. She was also separated from her husband because of his type of work. A Rose for Emily was written after the Civil War. Post Civil War Reconstruction had a profound and humbling effect on Southern society. The birth of Emily Grievers occurs during the Civil War; therefore she was raised with the old south values. Originally, Emily Gridirons town was governed by men of the old south like Colonel Sartorial and Judge Stevens. Men of this stature operated under a code of chivalry that was extremely protective of white women. After the death of Emails father, Colonel Sartorial was unable to allow the town to tax her, and Judge Stevens was unable to confront Emily about the smell coming from her house. As each generation passed the symbolic torch, however, the newer generations were further and further away from the antiquated social mores of their forebears. The men who tried to collect Emilee taxes didnt operate under the same code of conduct as their grandfathers and great grandfathers did. Emily was not a damsel in distress to these men; she was a nuisance, a hindrance to progress. This showed the contrast between the 19th and 20th century society. Emily Grievers is certainly a character trapped In her genteel past, thus making her alienated from the developing world around near. Social Interaction Ana economic status are very closely related. 10 examine the socioeconomic, or the social and economic status of each individual a person has to analyze class structure. In Dour to Chrysanthemums Elizabeth and her family were considered lower class, or part of the working class. Elizabeth, however, regarded herself as being more refined than her husband and her surroundings. Elizabeth Bates was described as a woman of imperious mien (part II, par. 123). Unlike her neighbors, she didnt use the local dialect, an indication of class position. Unlike other miners wives in the community, she refused to demean herself by entering the local pubs to entice her husband home. Most significantly, however, Elizabeth indicated her disdain for the social position of her community by fighting against her husband and his values. Probably lulled into marrying him by his good kooks and his lust for life, she resented him for making her feel like a fool living in this dirty hole (par. 78). She seemed to despise the manual nature of her husbands work, indicated by her unwillingness to wash the residue of pit-dirt from his body when he emerged from his shift in the mine (par. 8). When she finally became aware of the horrible fate of her husband and she viewed the body lying in the naive dignity of death (part II, par. 118), she was appalled and humbled at what appeared to be her husbands new distance from her, but she slowly comprehended that their roomer connection was based solely on an unnamed attraction above and beyond the conditioning of social class, and the lure of compatible personality, common interest, or shared experience. She acknowledged that their relationship was part of a different order of experience, which belonged to a mythic dimension. It is a dimension which included the physical work of the dark mine, the sexual attraction of the body, and the mysterious world of the dead. The story ended with the laws of this new mythic dimension overriding Elizabethan former concerns about social class. She indeed was alienated from her community, and her husband. It wasnt until his death that she realized this truth. In a Rose for Emily, Faulkner depicted Emily and her family as being part of a higher social class. There was a time when her family did have power in the South, and at one time the Grievers name did mean something. This social position isolated Emily from the life she desired, because she was expected to behave a certain way. Emily was not able to make the decisions she wanted to due to her standing in the social community. Homer was not considered a DOD marriage partner for Emily due to her social standing in the old south. Her choice to kill him and preserve him, as one does a rose, may have been, in her mind, her only option. After losing her father and her love, in her younger years, she regressed into a state of fantasy, longing for the times gone by. This fantasy world allowed her to keep Homer for all time in this room of roses. Emily Grievers did indeed become a fallen monument (par. 1). She was a monument of Southern gentility, an ideal of past values. She had fallen becaus e she turned her fantasy into grotesque reality. She was a woman who was alienated by society. In conclusion, both women were separated from the world around them, in both very different ways. How would the stories have changed if Elizabeth was an aristocrat, or Emily was part of the working class? Someones social class depicts their actions and train of thought. What if these stories took place in the 21st century? The outcomes would, also, be much different. Both stories show how a Marxist view exposes how social, economic, Ana analogical really less alienate, or Isolate people Trot one another.

Psychology - Learning essays

Psychology - Learning essays There are many different kinds of ways that people and animals learn. People can adjust the way they learn to the different situations in which they are learning and what they have to learn. One form of learning is known as conditioning. Conditioning emphasises the relationship between stimuli and responses. The two types of conditioning found are Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning. Learning may occur in different ways. Psychologists have distinguished between different types of learning, these being Observational Learning and Insight Learning. Classical conditioning refers to a simple form of learning, which occurs through the repeated association of two or more different stimuli. Learning is only said to have occurred once a particular stimulus always produces a response which it did not previously produce. Classical conditioning involves an unconditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response, aswell as a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response. The unconditioned stimulus is any stimulus, which consistently produces a naturally occurring, automatic response. The unconditioned response is a reflexive and involuntary response, which occurs as a result of the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned stimulus is the stimulus that is neutral at the beginning of the conditioning process and does not produce the unconditioned response. But through repeated association with the conditioned stimulus, triggers the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned response is the learned response that is b rought forth by the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned response occurs after the conditioned stimulus has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus. An example of classical conditioning is when a person walks past a certain house each day and every time is attacked by a large dog. They then associate that house with the dog and avoid walking past there again. In this example the ...

Los apellidos hispanos más frecuentes en EE.UU.

Los apellidos hispanos ms frecuentes en EE.UU. En la actualidad, 3  apellidos hispanos estn entre los 10  ms comunes de los Estados Unidos  y 6 entre los 15 ms frecuentes. Este dato no debe sorprender ya que hay ms de 57,5 millones de latinos en el paà ­s, conformando el 17,8 por ciento del total de la poblacià ³n. En este artà ­culo se enumeran cules son los apellidos latinos ms frecuentes, segà ºn datos del Bureau del Censo y, tambià ©n, su significado. A continuacià ³n se lista cules son los 10 ms comunes, sin importar el origen à ©tnico o racial y, finalmente, se incluye informacià ³n relevante sobre derechos de los nià ±os nacidos en Estados Unidos y documentos que sirven para acreditar su ciudadanà ­a. Destacar que para el Bureau del Censo, los tà ©rminos latino e hispano pueden utilizarse como sinà ³nimos y que para esta oficina del gobierno son latinas las personas con procedencia en: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Espaà ±a, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Honduras, Mà ©xico, Nicaragua, Panam, Paraguay, Perà º, Repà ºblica Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela. Adems, para otras agencias del gobierno, los brasileà ±os tambià ©n estarà ­an incluidos en esta categorà ­a. Apellidos hispanos ms frecuentes en Estados Unidos Estos son los 10 apellidos hispanos ms comunes, segà ºn datos del à ºltimo censo de 2010, en orden de frecuencia empezando con el ms numeroso, con especificacià ³n entre parà ©ntesis del nà ºmero que ocupa entre los 15 ms frecuentes del censo total, que incluye toda clase de apellidos. Garcà ­a (6) Rodrà ­guez (9) Martà ­nez (10)Hernndez (11)Là ³pez (12)Gonzlez (13) Adems, se encuentran entre los 100 ms comunes: Pà ©rez Snchez Ramà ­rezTorres Flores Rivera Gà ³mez Dà ­az Reyes Cruz Morales Ortiz Gutià ©rrez Significado de Garcà ­a y Rodrà ­guez y otros apellidos hispanos   Garcà ­a es el apellido latino ms frecuente en USA. Se le atribuyen diversos orà ­genes y significados. Una de las interpretaciones ms aceptadas es que originalmente pudo significar oso. Lo que sà ­ es seguro es que ya aparecà ­a por escrito en documentos de finales del siglo VIII en lo que hoy es la provincia espaà ±ola de Navarra. En la actualidad es el apellido ms frecuente en Espaà ±a y es tambià ©n muy frecuente en Latinoamà ©rica. En concreto, en Mà ©xico es el tercero ms comà ºn despuà ©s de Hernndez y Là ³pez.   En cuanto a Rodrà ­guez, su origen se encuentra en el reino medieval de Leà ³n y significa hijo de Rodrigo. En Espaà ±a es el tercer apellido ms comà ºn, mientras que en Colombia ocupa el lugar nà ºmero dos, despuà ©s de Gonzlez. En Argentina, Chile, Mà ©xico y Venezuela es, tambià ©n, muy frecuente y en Repà ºblica Dominicana es el ms comà ºn. Martà ­nez tiene tambià ©n un origen medieval en Espaà ±a, pero se le atribuyen distintos puntos de origen. Significa hijo de Martà ­n. Las familias que lo llevan, al igual que ocurre con los apellidos que acaban en -ez, no tienen un origen comà ºn, aunque provienen del antiguo reino de Castilla. Hernndez sigue la misma dinmica que los apellidos anteriores, y significa hijo de Hernando.  Por su parte, Là ³pez significa hijo de Lope, un nombre que antiguamente era comà ºn y procede de la palabra latina Lupus, que significa lobo. Gonzlez y su variacià ³n Gonzales significan hijo de Gonzalo, un nombre muy frecuente en la à ©poca medieval en Espaà ±a. Pà ©rez quiere decir hijo de Pedro o de Pero. Esta à ºltima es la versià ³n aragonesa del mismo nombre. Por su parte Snchez significa hijo de Sancho. En su origen era muy comà ºn en los territorios que hoy son las provincias espaà ±olas de Cceres y Salamanca. Y Ramà ­rez significa hijo de Ramiro. Finalmente, Torres, el à ºltimo apellido hispano que se coloca entre los 50 ms frecuentes de Estados Unidos, tiene un origen distinto. Es decir, no significa hijo de, sino que est asociado con un lugar con torres. Este apellido en su origen est relacionado con poder. Cà ³mo es que hay tantos apellidos hispanos en Estados Unidos Sucesivos flujos migratorios a lo largo de la historia han cambiando notablemente la composicià ³n racial y à ©tnica de los Estados Unidos. En el caso de los hispanos, destacar que siempre ha habido presencia de latinos. Por ejemplo, Saint Augustine, en Florida, es la ciudad con ocupacià ³n continuada ms antigua en EE.UU. y es de origen espaà ±ol.   Adems, la poblacià ³n de origen latino aumentà ³ significativamente despuà ©s de la anexià ³n de Texas en 1845, la ganancia de los territorios del suroeste americano y California tras la guerra entre Mà ©xico y Estados Unidos de 1846-1848 y la toma de posesià ³n de Puerto Rico en 1898. Pero lo que est detrs del espectacular crecimiento en nà ºmeros de latinos en las à ºltimas dà ©cadas es el aumento de la inmigracià ³n procedente de Latinoamà ©rica que ha convertido a  los hispanos en la primera minorà ­a del paà ­s, superando a los  afroamericanos. Muchos de los latinos son nuevos inmigrantes que adquirieron primero el permiso de residencia por peticià ³n de un familiar, pero en la actualidad incluso ms son latinos que son  estadounidenses de nacimiento al haber nacido en los Estados Unidos que emigrantes En los casos de personas nacidas en el paà ­s, es importante obtener cuanto antes el certificado de nacimiento. Si bien es cierto que en en algunos condados, como sucede en el sur de Texas, los padres indocumentados estn teniendo muchos problemas para obtener este documento de sus hijos para acreditar la ciudadanà ­a del menor. Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que tambià ©n pueden surgir problemas en casos de bebà ©s nacidos aquà ­ cuando los paps tienen visas de turista. Pero el censo refleja un gran aumento en apellidos latinos no sà ³lo por esos dos motivos –inmigracià ³n y nacimientos– sino tambià ©n porque a diferencia de lo que era comà ºn en à ©pocas pasadas, los inmigrantes actuales prefieren conservar sus nombres y apellidos y no hacerlos anglosajones. Esto era comà ºn en todos los grupos de inmigrantes para intentar evitar discriminacià ³n y demostrar asimilacià ³n al nuevo paà ­s, pero en la actualidad es algo infrecuente Los 10apellidos ms comunes en Estados Unidos Para las personas interesadas, esta es la lista de los apellidos ms comunes, sean latinos o no, segà ºn datos del à ºltimo censo, que es el de 2010 porque en Estados Unidos se actualiza sà ³lo cada 10 aà ±os. Hay listados diferentes pero en este artà ­culo se ha utilizado ese listado oficial: SmithJohnsonWilliamsBrownJonesGarcà ­aMillerDavisRodrà ­guezMartà ­nez Curiosidades sobre latinos en Estados Unidos Es muy interesante conocer estas  7 aportaciones de los hispanos a la cultura estadounidense  o estas 10 curiosidades que pueden sorprender y entretener. Este artà ­culo es informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Busi man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Busi man - Essay Example The customers can stir the direction of the growth of an organization, and so it is up to the management and how the employees’ commitment to satisfy the customers, are being stressed and practiced that can ensure the upward direction in the progress of the company. Customer’s satisfaction is best achieved when there is conscious effort on the part of management to deliver the quality of service that the customers would expect. On the other hand, management should be well aware, that there are various kinds of customers. Naturally, they should cater only to the kind of customers who can bring about profit to the company. Those are the customers who have the capacity to pay the price of the services or products that will be made available to them and at the same time, they should look for the customers who are in need of the products that a company can provide. There are customers who go about complaining, but in reality, have no intention of letting go of their hard-ear ned money, unless they can haggle for the cheapest price. In this instance, it would be best that management is convinced that they are proud of the services that they can provide, and also best to remember that he who trims himself to suit everyone will soon whittle himself away . The most splendid achievement of all is the constant striving to surpass oneself and to be worthy of personal approval. Many times, management fails to satisfy the customers. This is where customers’ expectations come into play. The customers usually know what they desire in the services that they expect, and the perception of the quality of service that one company provides is relative, because customers differ from one another, and no matter how a company would try, it is simply impossible to please everyone. The customers would normally compare the products or services, based on

Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Risk Management - Essay Example Often, an infrastructural construction project involves a number of phases before final completion and transfer to the contract awarding authority. The phases include the appraisal phase, the design phase, the construction phase, and the operation phase. Although there are some cross-cutting risks across the phases, some are unique to each phase and hence it’s often important to independently review the risks in each phase. This paper addresses the risks likely to be encountered in each phase of an infrastructure construction project. However, before doing this, it is important to highlight the key steps involved in risk control process including risk identification, risk management, and risk response. Risk identification Risk identification involves determination of the risks are likely to impact on the project as well as documentation of the characteristics associated with the risks identified. This is not a one-time environment, rather it should be performed regularly and m ore especially through the whole project cycle. This is due to the fact that risks themselves are dynamic and change with time. Risk identification must be able to address internal as well as external risks. Internal risks are often within the projects control and as such can be eliminated or minimized through internal mechanisms. On the other hand, external risks are often beyond the project’s influence. Generally, there are a whole range of tools which can be utilized in risk identification including brainstorming, interviews, feedback from past projects, specialists use, and workshops, among others. Risk management This is a part as crucial as the risk identification itself. Often failures at this point can cost the organization lots of money and time. Risk management involves determination of the appropriate control tools as well as the appropriate responses towards dealing with the emerging or risks or their impact whenever they occur. Risk management involves risk quant ification where there is an evaluation of risks as well as the risk’s interactions as a means of assessing range of possible project outcomes. This is mainly aimed at determination of the risk events which warrant response. The process is often complicated due to a number of factors although not limited to how opportunities as well as threats can interact in unpredictable ways or a single risk event which constitutes multiple effects. Often it goes beyond simple mathematical expressions in order to attain precision and reliability. Risk response Determination of Appropriate Risk response techniques is crucial to successful control of the risks. A combination of management techniques are often employed in evaluation of the best methods suited the risk faced by infrastructure projects. These include risk reduction, retention of risk, and transfer of risk (Richardson, 2010, p. 23). Identifying appropriate risk management techniques therefore requires assessing of the interaction effects touching on a range of factors including safety, construction procedures and operations, financial decisions and strategic decision making. Risk reduction takes a two dimensional perspective. This includes reducing the likelihood or frequency of events occurrence and reduction of the consequences that an event is expected to have in case it takes place (Richardson, 2010). Risk transfer

Cuba and Argentina are in Latin America Essay Example for Free

Cuba and Argentina are in Latin America Essay Although both Cuba and Argentina are in Latin America, they still have differences in cultures and even in educational systems. Moreover, despite the fact that these two countries are close in terms of literacy rates (although Argentina is slightly higher than that of Cuba), the two countries have much differences in educational practices. In Cuba, the government subsidize education at all levels. This makes the education in this country extensively state-directed. A lot of public dispute and politics covers the education, being state-directed. The bulk of the tax burden of the people are mainly allocated for education. Education has been the top priority of the country when it comes to funding expenditures and extra projects. Cuba is praised for showing an extravagant and long-lasting effort to ensure the quality of education services that their youth receive. There is a free compulsory primary education for all Cuban children age 6 to 15. The government subsidizes even the higher education. However, this scenario also implies negative impacts. Since the government â€Å"trains† its youth, they also rate them according to their political beliefs. Students have their own â€Å"Cumulative School File. This is like a report card that goes beyond documenting academic standing. It is the record of the student’s political thinking. Anyone who has join protests against the government is hindered to have more opportunities of the higher education or universities. This is also applicable even for the employed people. Some of the students are expelled from school and others are dismissed from work for the employed ones. The control of the government over the people last in more or less a lifetime because this â€Å"report card† are updated. All of the students are expected to have the Marxist way of thinking towards the government and politics. On the other hand, Argentina government is less rigid when it comes to education. They also have the compulsory primary education for children ages 6 to 14 years of age. All children of these ages are mandated to attend the primary education that lasts 12 years. There is no longer compulsory education for the high school level although they could still have affordable high school education offerings. However, half of those who attended the compulsory primary education do not continue to high school. Yet, Argentina is still among the countries who have the most number of degree holders in relation to their population. These two Latin American countries are the same and yet different in a number of aspects in education. Indeed, both countries give importance to education. The government allot an adequate amount of resources to education. This is true since they even have legislated a law that could legalize a mandated primary education for Argentina and in all levels in the case of Cuba. Both are strict when it comes to age requirement for the grade levels. However, their approaches towards the implementation of quality education are different. In Argentina, students who have finished the primary education are allowed to choose in what school they will pursue. Moreover, they have the decision whether they would continue or stop schooling. The students and their family can choose among the various schools that are affordable. On the other hand, Cuba goes beyond the primary education. The government subsidizes education up to the highest level. However, the bearing is that it can decide for the future of the student. The student and his family should agree with the government in all aspects so that he or she could enroll in the best universities. The government does not only have the political power but also the power to have the youth favor to them. Now, if the students from these two countries migrate to the United States of America, they may have the same cultural adjustment problems. Both speaks the same language, and thus both may have the same learning and communication styles. The both may also have the same expected problems when they are brought to the US classrooms. Basically, the problems that may arise from the immigration of the students may be classified into three: intercultural communication, learning styles, and adolescence (Introduction to Immigration in US, 2001). In the United of States of America, government provides education for the people. It could either be on the federal, state, or local level. Because there is allotted budget for education, it is compulsory to avail these education benefits. Children from four to 18 years old are required to undergo the basic education. Moreover, formal education in the US is being held in public, private and home schools. The schooling is divided into kindergarten up to twelfth grade. There are many universities among the numerous states. The students from Cuba and Argentina are expected to have problems intercultural communication. This means not only their difference in language but also the differences in diverse cultures. This may be called a crash of culture or others termed this as â€Å"culture shock. † For example, in the US, the common form of greeting is handshake. On the other hand, in Cuba and Argentina, it is common to give hugs even among the boys, but in the United Sates, this form of greeting is given for those who are already closely related to each other. Another intercultural communication conflict may also be attributed to the differences in religion. The people of Argentina and Cuba relatively have different religion to the majority of the people in the United States. The Cubans and Argentineans are mostly Roman Catholic while the Americans are mostly Protestants. There may be some differences or even conflicts in religious practices and even celebrations. The second type of problem that may arise among the immigrating students is the differences in learning styles. The communication styles also differ from the two countries. People in the United States are a lot more direct in the matter of speaking than the two other countries. Moreover, noises in the American classroom setting are common. This may be distracting to the Cuban and Argentinean students who are used to formal and quiet classroom setting. The third issue is the adolescence of the students. Adolescents struggle with identity issues. This process may be more difficult and complicated for the students who have migrated. They may try to cope with these differences and tend to cover or set aside their own culture. This may cause emotional and social chaos to the student. Statement Prompt The main difference between the education in the United Sates and the education in Argentina is that the former has longer basic education. In Argentina, the compulsory basic education lasts until the student is 14 years old while the basic education is compulsory until the students in the United States are 18 years of age. The basic education in US involves more grade level and classification. More often than not, after the long basic education, the students are qualified to work. Many of the students in US work while studying in college. The long basic education aims to make the students independent and included in the working force of the state. Nevertheless, these problems may be adequately addressed. There are recommendations to smoothen the learning and coping process of the students. First, the teacher has to be aware of the differences of culture among the diverse types of students in the class. The teacher should have the initiative to lessen the crash of culture among the students. He or she should have adequate knowledge about the nature of the immigrant students. This is not to encourage them to change but to let them preserve their culture in their very rights (Introduction to Immigration in US, 2001). Moreover, the teacher should also help the student to have faster English-learning process. He or she should encourage the students to speak English in and even out of the class. Although he is not the student’s English teacher, he should still be patient to talk the student. Lastly, the family of the immigrant students should also be acquainted to the educational system in the United States. â€Å"New comer† programs are effective to encourage the students and even their families to participate more in the school programs. This will make them trust that the school can help the child regardless of the differences in culture. There should be trainings about language skills, work skills and even cultural adaptations program especially for the students. Reasons for immigration may be different but the adaptation that needs to be done may be the same. The differences in culture may be settled in effective communication. Although there are also differences in manners of communication itself, compromising is universal to resolve conflict: crash of culture for this matter. The educational systems may also be different but the goal of education is universal too, learning, knowledge and may be wisdom are the goals of the people who avail education. Reference: Introduction to Immigration in the United States. 2001. Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Available at: http://www. nwrel. org/cnorse/booklets/immigration/5. html#overall

Creation and Destruction in A Clockwork Orange Essays -- Clockwork Ora

Creation and Destruction in A Clockwork Orange In the novel A Clockwork Orange, Anthony Burgess shows his readers a society in which pure destruction seems to reign supreme. The lead character, Alex, and most members of his generation, spend their evenings recreationally beating passersby, having small but brutal gang fights, and generally destroying both property and people. Yet these images and instances of destruction constantly interact with images of art, of things created, usually thought to be the diametric opposite of such violence. Indeed, over the course of the novel, creation and destruction become almost indistinguishable. The motivations for creation and destruction are more important to the novel than the distinctions between the two. Alex and his three droogs, Pete, Georgie and Dim, commit many acts of violence in the first five chapters, vivid and graphic enough that even Burgess admits in his introduction that "my intention in writing the work was to titillate the nastier propensities of my readers" (Burgess ix).1 The crimes are always committed with a certain theatricality, giving Alex’s narration the tone of an artist’s pride. The "maskies" that the four wear are not only "real horrorshow disguises," but also provide dramatic effect (153). It is ars gratia artis (art that comes purely out of a desire to create art), as Alex does not cite any motivation for his violence besides the fact that he derives pleasure from it, and these four perpetrators consider their violence art. Alex’s repetition of "O my brothers," particularly in the more grueling scenes, gives the novel the feel of one of Rudyard Kipling’s Just So Stories,2 a creation myth. Both the manner of telling the tales a nd the tales themse... ... Alex eventually grows up. Violence, at the end of the novel, ceases to be his most desired form of creativity. Alex is ready to put his energies elsewhere. "At eighteen old Wolfgang Amadeus had written concertos and symphonies and operas and oratorios and all that cal, no, not cal, heavenly music" (189). The Ludovico technique that would have destroyed Alex would not have been something he could outgrow. A Clockwork Orange blurs the lines between creation and destruction, to the point where distinctions between the two become almost irrelevant. What is important to Burgess is the motivation behind each, and the ability of characters doing either, or both, to change their ways. Works Cited 1) Anthony Burgess, A Clockwork Orange (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1986). 2) Rudyard Kipling, Just So Stories (New York: Doubleday and Company, 1974).

Montage Hotel

What a great opportunity it was to visit a marvelous garden at the â€Å"Montage Hotel† in Laguna Beach. The garden stretches around 700 feet long and 60 feet wide on the west side of the Hotel by the Pacific Ocean. The garden is elevated around 50 feet above the ocean with a spectacular 180 degrees view. Looking around flowers could be seen all over the place as colorful as a rainbow Including all deferent bright colors pink, red white & yellow. The pink and red flowers have petals that flip around each other In a beautiful rose form as the size of a strawberry.The white and yellow flowers are made up of 5 petals and are the size of marshmallows. Palm trees with green leaves hanging are all over the place around 20 of them ranging from 10 to 15 feet, The grass looks like green a velvet carpet so thin and fine, and It Is stretched In areas around the concrete walk ways. The walkways are Like 5 feet wide and they curve with the natural ground edge parallel to the ocean. Brown w ood benches overlooking the ocean invite to sit and enjoy the scenery their size is around 6 feet long and 2 feet wide.The benches consist of high grade outdoor street furniture with premium hard brown wood, contoured and supported by a gallivanted steel frame. People are sitting on them and enjoying the beautiful ocean scenery that is such a joy and can have enough of. A pergola decorates one of the seating areas overlooking the ocean; it is made out of brown wood. The pergola is situated in three sections with half hexagon shape. Each section is around 5 feet long and 3 feet wide. The Ocean is deep blue and seems to sparkle like diamonds. The waves gently move with the south west breeze.The sand is as shiny as gold and it is very smooth and light. Walking on the sand feels like a butterfly flying all over. Brown chestnut rocks elevate in some of the areas near the water it looked like a perfect hill for hiking but there is a sign, placed by the city environmental section, prohibit ing any tress passers to preserve this precious rock. Walking along the beach the bright sun covers the area with an invisible blanket of warmth. The sun displays a beautiful portrait of red orange and yellow colors, especially during the outstanding breath taking sunset.These rays spread through the blue skies like strong threads of wool as they made the sky a mystery of colors all mixed together to give the picture perfect landscape. As the sun starts to sit on the water it begins to melt and sink in the ocean behind gimps of Catalina Island. No matter how strong sensory Images are used to describing this master piece Garden, words can't describe the actual beauty of this place. It Is Indeed a piece of Heaven on earth. Montage Hotel By mausoleum be seen all over the place as colorful as a rainbow including all different bright colors there in a beautiful rose form as the size of a strawberry.The white and yellow feet. The grass looks like green a velvet carpet so thin and fine, an d it is stretched in areas around the concrete walk ways. The walkways are like 5 feet wide and they People are sitting on them and enjoying the beautiful ocean scenery that is such a Joy and can't have enough of. A pergola decorates one of the seating areas overlooking gimps of Catalina Island. No matter how strong sensory images are used to place. It is indeed a piece of Heaven on earth.

The Application of Vygotsky’s Theory to the Design

2. Why does learning require disequilibrium according to Piaget? Provide an example of how teachers can create discrepant events. 3. What is the Zone of Proximal Development in Vygotsky’s thought? Do you think it is a good model of learning? Why or why not? The Application of Vgotsky’s Social Development Theory to the Designing of a School Curriculum Christina Nardone: 102150672 Educational Psychology 02-46-324-01 Assignment A: Conceptual Comment University of Windsor Instructor: Anoop Gupta October 1st, 2012Lev Vgotsky’s theories have become central to understanding cognitive development and have influenced many research initiatives in the past couple years. Social interaction and culture are thought to be the back bone of learning in his theory of social development, where he argues that social learning tends to occur before development (McLeod, 2007). This theory is one of the foundations for Constructivism, which can be defined as an active learning process, in which new knowledge is built on previous knowledge (Hoover, 1996).An important component of social development theory is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). It has been defined as â€Å"the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving, and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers† (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 90). According to Vygotsky, learning occurs in this zone.Scaffolding is a technique related to the ZDP in that the adult or peer adjusts their level of help to the learner depending on their performance in the task. (Young, 1993). These components of social development theory would be useful in designing an educational curriculum. Schools should retire the instructional approach to teaching and adopt a more interactive approach so that students can be actively involved in their learning. Incorporating scaffolding techniques to th eir lectures would be beneficial as well as adding some collaborative learning tasks with their peers.The focus of learning should be on how well students have developed their problem solving skills, not just how much information they have learned. Also, testing and assessment should take into account the zone of proximal development; two children could have the same actual levels of development but different potential levels of development, which one child could be more capable than another child in completing many more complicated tasks. Works Cited Hoover, W. A. (1996, August 3rd). The Practice Implications of Constructivism.Retrieved September 30th, 2012, from SEDL: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory: http://www. sedl. org/pubs/sedletter/v09n03/practice. html McLeod, S. (2007). Lev Vgotsky. Retrieved september 30th, 2012, from Simply Psychology: http://www. simplypsychology. org Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in Society: The development of higher psychological processes. Ca mbridge: Harvard University Press. Young, M. (1993). Instructional design for situated learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 41 (1).

Women In Ancient India essays

Women In Ancient India essays In ancient India, women occupied a very important position with, in fact a superior position to, man. Literary evidence suggests that kings and towns were destroyed because a single woman was wronged by the state. For example, Elango Adigal's Sillapathigaram teaches us Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas was burnt because Pandyan Nedunchezhiyan mistakenly killed her husband on theft charges. Valmiki's Ramayana teaches us that Ravana and his entire clan was wiped out because he abducted Sita. Veda Vyasa's Mahabharatha teaches us that all the Kauravas were killed because they humiliated Draupadi in public. To instill such high ideals in humankind, Indian ancestors created a plethora of godesses who enjoyed equal status with their husbands. The concept of Ardhanareeshwarar, where God is depicted as half-man and half-woman, is a concrete example to support this argument. In many philosophical texts God is referred to a Tat, meaning It and that God is beyond gender. And, one would find a comparable Godess for each God. Further, we know for a fact that ancient India was permissive; women could have multiple husbands, widows could remarry, divorce was permitted for incompatability or when estranged. In contemporary India, women occupy a paradoxical status. On the one hand, there are godesses featuring in the "Hindu" pantheon and revered by men. On the other, some wives are burnt because they did not bring enough "dowry" (the horrible institutionalized and illegal practice of expecting the woman's parent to provide a large purse to the groom); women are victimized by powerful local political figures and their family; some women are abducted by rich youths with impunity; and there are credible stories of female infanticide in rural India. Surely, these cases are not the norm. Nevertheless, it is horrifying to see that they happen. Some may argue that these incidences no way compare to the domestic violence rate i ...

Admission College Essay Help

Admission College Essay Help Admission College Essay Help Admission essay writing is a difficult task for inexperienced writer, moreover from it depends on your future life. This fact shoves on the thought that the entrance essays writing must be perfect. Writing college admission essaysis not a work of one day. If you really decided to enter a definite college do your best to get the perfect essay. How can you do this, if you do not know all the peculiarities of the academic essays writing? You may find an academic essay guideline and study it, but perhaps it takes even more time than admission essays writing itself. Still knowing all peculiarities does not mean to write attractive essays.Nevertheless, even when this situation is not blind alley you can always order custom admission college essay help:http://.com/blog/admission-college-essay-help Admission College Essay Help: Our Priorities Our company offers only professional college admissions assistance. To be sure in our professionalism let us set aside eloquence and together examine the following custom admission essay sample. Swimming with Dolphins (an excerpt) My first love has always been a science. As I grew older, my growing interests focused on a narrower scientific range. I have always felt a certain connection between myself and the animal world. Having pets in the family and the constant viewing of National Geographic specials managed to keep my mind always occupied with different thoughts. Several years ago, I experienced the most amazing occurrence of my life, something that very few people can boast about. While visiting relatives in Aruba, I had the privilege to swim with wild spotted dolphins. It was at the moment, when I knew, what I was meant to do. I wanted to become a veterinarian and eventually specialize in the care of marine animals So, what do we have? The entire application essay is strong, but this section will be always standing out in the admission officer mind over the years. Why so? Because it is a good written, well constructed and moreover this fact separates essay applicant from the pack: he mentions the animal world, shows the intensity of where he is at, and then BLOWS everybody away with his swim with wild spotted dolphins. How many students could relate such a story? After reading such an essay, each admission officer will say to himself, Admit, admit, admit! Moreover, of course, the admission people will say the same thing. We Can Help You To Write Admission College Essay! We are able to find in your life the most interesting facts and cases, from which our highly skilled essays writers make masterpiece! Contact us and be sure of the immediate success! Read more: Writing a Research Proposal Research Paper Ideas Psychology Research Papers Argumentative Research Paper Topics Research Paper Proposal

Economonics Competition Policy in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economonics Competition Policy in the UK - Essay Example This was a system that moved between, and mixed up; form and effects-based approaches with almost reckless dump. In United Kingdom, two main acts of legislation - the Competition Act of 1998 and the Enterprise Act of 2002 - have brought the EC's prohibition system to the UK, altered the name of the old Monopolies and Merger Commission to the Competition Commission and given it new powers. For example, they have criminalized price-fixing, created a specialist appeal and review court for anti-dependent cases and eliminated the old "public interest test", replacing it with a narrower, effects-based "substantial lessening of competition" test. At the same time, the two major competition policy bodies in the UK - the Office of Fair Trading and the newly renamed Competition Commission - have expanded, developed new areas of expertise and, possibly most adventurous of all, they have both been put into the hands of professors of economics. Competition is basically a practice of rivalry between various organizations, each of them is looking for to succeed customer's business. This competition may take place in a variety of behaviors - some firms try to win on cost, some spotlight on raising the worth of presented products or services, while still others use entrepreneurial dexterities to build up new products or services (J. Sloman, 2003). ... evel of overheads, a range of product contributions will arrive at the marketplace that bouts the heterogeneity of customer requirements and flavors, and the pace of advances will be great (J. Sloman, 2003). Significantly executives in such marketplaces have only restricted power over their settings (J. Parkin, et. al., 2004). They regularly have to do something when they are not prepared for it; they every so often require doing things rapidly and not competently than they believe that they must be done. The continuous go-getting between competitor organizations in a cutthroat marketplace can occasionally cause some misuse and doubling-up, and the entire thing frequently appeared to produce a somewhat messy thing (J. Parkin, et. al., 2004). Many executives, though intellectually and sensitively dedicated they are to challenge, recognize that they can perform better. For them, rivalry is not only strenuous, it is also wearisome. And certainly earnings are fairly harder to make in such marketplaces than they are in monopolistic marketplaces (K.A. Crystal and R.G. Lipsey, 2004). For example, a most prominent case of Tesco who monopolizes the retail market in UK, in spite of having an obvio us monopoly with 30% of the marketplace (a monopoly is defined normally as above 25%), its growth has gone unchecked by Competition Commission. The profits of 2bn have been at the outlay of farmers and other contractors who have had to tackle deteriorating prices, and small stores losing theirs local marketplace shares. Tesco is now a largest retailer with more than 2,300 stores globally. That could simply wash out some corporations' earnings, which consecutively could have grave effects for their share value, and might even make them defenseless to the take-over. Such as, under the

Policy Development Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Policy Development Paper - Essay Example As the essay discusses innocent people are given incentives and they fall in traps of agents who smuggle them illegally in countries and then exploit them. Poverty in developing countries is one of the reasons why human trafficking is increasing every day. Strict policies and law enforcement is required so that this abuse of human life could be stopped. This paper declares that human trafficking is defined as transportation, recruitment or harboring of a person, by deception, fraud, force or by giving incentive to a person, for the purpose of exploitation. Human trafficking is very common is developing countries where people are giving incentives of employment and are transported legally or illegally into developed countries where they are exploited. The impact of human trafficking on human society is disastrous. People who are transported in the country are kept in bondage labor. They are not allowed to use their passports so they cannot leave the country. We can say it is a form of modern slavery. These people are deprived of their civil rights and forced to undesirable activities. Women are mainly the victims of human trafficking and they are usually used for prostitution. Prostitution is illegal in most countries so girls from third world countries are brought to the developed world in hope of employment and later they are force fully used for prostitution purposes. These girls are not allowed to leave the country and criminal syndicates earn money from the work of these girls. A number of diseases can also spread in the country due to prostitution of trafficked women. In United States people have a fair bit of knowledge about sexual diseases but these girls come from backward societies so they have little or no idea of sexual diseases and their prevention. This makes these girls more prone to sexual diseases then other girls in the same business. Also they cannot go to hospitals because of their lack of identity so they are forced to live with it. These girls can transfer these diseases to their customers and in this way sexual diseases spread through prostitution. Human trafficking is harmful for society because trafficked people are used to fuel the illicit activities of the criminal groups. These people usually have no record of their existence so under coercion they perform activities like drug smuggli ng and prostitution. These crimes are fueled by people who are brought in the country by human trafficking. These people are easy targets because they are threaten and in turn they do anything their ‘masters’ want them to do. Bondage labor is another way in which human trafficking victims are exploited. They are used for producing a variety of products in factories or are made to work in mines (Penketh, A. 2006). Victims of human trafficking are very good workers because they are very cheap and they can even perform hazardous jobs. Also there is no need for insurance benefits or other benefits for these workers. The products produced by these victims are sold at low prices and competitive advantage is achieved (Penketh, A. 2006). Human trafficking also impacts human society by reducing employment opportunities for people of the country. Trafficked individuals are cheap labor so they are preferred by industries where manual labor is

Comedy, Culture and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Comedy, Culture and the Media - Essay Example As will hopefully become clear from this Comedy Portfolio good, bad, or even indifferent comedy has the capacity to influence, as well as reflect popular culture through its presentation and its subsequent transmission by the mass media. To a very large extent it could be reasonably argued that with out the mass media to communicate, spread, and promote comedy it would be more difficult for comic performances, shows and other works to have any significant level of cultural impact. Difficult but not completely impossible as there are arguably stronger indicators that there was a strong relationship between comedy and culture long before the media became as widespread and diverse as it is within contemporary societies.1 The comedy genre itself can be traced back to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. The Greeks and the Romans used comedy techniques to make their theatre audiences’ laugh and enjoy themselves. The comedies of the Greeks and the Romans tended to leave any serious messages until the very last act, whilst making sure that was always a happy ending. Another feature of the early Greek and Roman comedies was that they were written in such a way to be an accurate depiction of their contemporary cultures and societies. Greek and Roman comics thought that basing their comedies on their respective societies meant that their audiences found the humour and the messages within the plays relevant to their lives.2 Audiences that understand the settings of comedies are more likely to grasp the humour and the serious messages within those comedies, a logical conclusion reached by both the Greeks and the Romans. Contemporary comedy authors, creators, and performers predominantly stick with the concept of producing relevant comic material that its intended audiences should grasp immediately.3 As a distinct genre comedy

Wilhelm II: Policy Making in 1914 Berlin

Wilhelm II: Policy Making in 1914 Berlin Q. Who was in charge of policy in Berlin in 1914 and why did they act as they  did? ‘A vigorous transition to an imperialist policy will give Germany the space  it needs . . . An unsuccessful war can no more than set Germany back,  although for a long time; England it can destroy. As victor England will be  rid of an awkward competitor; Germany will become what England is  now, the world power.’ (Das Neue Deutschland) ‘The perpetual emphasis on peace at every opportunity — suitable and  unsuitable — has, in the last 43 years of peace, produced an altogether  eunuch-like attitude amongst the statesmen and diplomats of Europe’ (Wilhelm II) Historians of the Great War divide into two main camps when debating who were the principal policy-makers and men-in-charge of Germany at the outbreak of war in the summer of 1914. The first school, led historians such as Fritz Fischer, argues that Germany’s Kaiser, Wilhelm II, Germany’s Imperial Chancellor, Bethmann Hollweg, and Germany’s Chief of the General Staff, Helmuth Moltke, colluded to deliberately and consciously begin full-scale and non-localized war. This school states that Germany’s imperialist ambitions — as exemplified in the quotations above — growing as they did out of national pride and exuberance of her unification in 1871, had given Germany an insatiable appetite to copy and surpass the political hegemony enjoyed then by England. The second school, led by mostly defunct and sentimental German national historians like Kessler, rejects the suggestion of a ‘premeditated European war’ and posits a state of affairs where, under extreme international pressure, Germany’s politicians had to, as a last resort, cede authority to the military so that they could defend Germany from hostile neighbours. This essay will argue that the great bulk of past and historical evidence  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€ Wilhelm’s and others personal diaries, military documents, parliamentary papers and so on — reveal that the first school has it right when they say that policy was made in collusion between Wilhelm II, Bethmann and Moltke’s army. These policy-makers acted as they did because they feared that their opportunity for imperialist expansion was about to close, and with it Germany’s long-sought-for hopes of world-power. The Imperial Chancellor and Moltke manipulated the Reichstag and Kaiser Wilhelm II so as to engender the deliberate inevitability of war.. According to Hewitson[1], two potentially decisive policy-makers — the German public: particularly the newly-formed industrialized and urbanized classes; and German political parties — were sidelined from major policy decisions near the start of the war. The unification of Germany under Bismarck in 1871 had, like in Italy, summoned up an awesome spirit of nationalism amongst Germans, and this nationalist pride flowed out into ambitions for Germany to have an empire to rival those of England and France. In the same period, German society underwent a tremendous social and political transformation, with power moving from the old Junker and agricultural classes to Germany’s huge new urbanized masses. This shift from agriculture to industry meant that the urbanized Germans now had a potentially decisive voice in national affairs and policy decisions. In 1914 it was not explicit however that Germany’s industrialized citizens would have unanimously backed the typ e of war that was declared by its leaders that summer. Bethmann speciously claimed, after the war, that ‘. . . the war did not arise out of single diplomatic actions, but was rather a result of public passion’. In reality, whilst the German public knew the general background to the international situation, they knew nearly nothing whatsoever about the particular decisions and policies that were being made by their leaders in the critical weeks in July 1914. Of course, not knowing of the seriousness of events in Serbia and Austria, the German public were not able to use their considerable power to have any effect upon the policy-decisions behind those events. Hewitson[2] argues that Bethmann, Zimmermann, Jagow, the Kaiser and Moltke deliberately kept the German people in the dark because they feared that the people might raise opposition to an aggressive and non-localized conflict. Thus, Clemens von Delbruck, Secretary of State for the Interior in 1914, could state that ‘. . . we (the Chancellor’s division) have not spoken about foreign policy at all, the daily press was completely calm, and no one amongst the visitors present suspected the slightest thing about the imminent danger of war’. Journalists and the public they reported for were subjected to a lengthy and elaborate efforts from the Kaiser and his military to conceal Germany’s true intentions until such a point that when did become known to the public, it would like Germany was a victim and only fighting a ‘defensive’ and ‘localized’ war. The Chief of Wilhelm’s Naval Cabinet thus stated in July 1914 that ‘The gove rnment has managed brilliantly to make us (Germany) look like the attacked’[3][4]. A similar blanket was thrown over the eyes of Germany’s politicians and political parties. Immediately after Archduke Ferdinand’s assassination in Sarajevo, most of Germany’s politicians were away from Berlin on their annual holidays; this simple fact meant that their influence over policy, and any opposition they might have normally raised to the aggression of Wilhelm and Moltke, was largely neutralized by their absence. By the time politicians returned to Berlin, the decision to go to war had been made and they had no retrospective power to reverse this policy. Likewise, German politicians were culpable for a major underestimation of the seriousness of events after the Sarajevo bombing. Politicians and liberal newspapers such as the Vossiche Zeitung and the Frankfurter Zeitung said in the immediate aftermath of the assassination that the ‘Serbian government had no part in the crime’; even right-wing newspapers such as the Berliner Neueste Nachricht en neither anticipated nor called for retaliation against Serbia for the assassination. This attitude can be praised for seeking to pacify Germany and to avoid war; it can likewise be criticized for a certain naivety, underestimating the true intentions of the German military. These two groups then — the German public and the German politicians — can be said to have had a very limited effect upon the policy decisions taken in July 1914. If not these, who then were the principal policy-makers in charge in 1914? Kaiser Wilhelm II ostensibly, and perhaps in reality, was a central figure in such decisions. Wilhelm was the supreme figure in German life: he was Commander-in-Chief of the German army, and was empowered by Articles 11 and 18 of the German constitution to declare war. The allies recognised Wilhelm’s centrality in controlling policy in 1914 when at the Treaty of Versailles they named him as a ‘war criminal’ with direct responsibility for Germany’s deliberate attempt to begin the war. This picture of Wilhelm’s central involvement, and his desire for war, is supported by documentary evidence from the weeks and months immediately preceding the war. Writing of Friedrich von Pourtales, German ambassador to Russia, Wilhelm said that ‘†¦ he would do better to leave unwritten’ his thoughts about Russia’s lack of desire for war. Later, also of Pourtales, that à ¢â‚¬ËœHe makes those who are ignorant of Russia and weak, suspect characters amongst his readers, totally confused’[5]. Numerous other ambassadorial documents and diaries reveal that, within the German and international diplomatic community, Wilhelm’s opinions were believed to directly shape and determine the direction of German foreign policy[6]. Given the tone and content of the quotations cited above, it is clear that, if Wilhelm did indeed have as much power as his diplomats believed, that he used this to engender war deliberately and on a grand scale rather ‘in defence’ or in a ‘localized context’. Nonetheless, numerous historians, Kennedy and Herwig for instance, argue that diplomatic assessments of Wilhelm’s powers were blinkered, and that in truth he had profoundly little influence over policy in 1914. Kennedy[7] describes how Wilhelm’s power and influence over policy, at its acme around 1900, began to wane due to scandal and incompetence in the years preceding 1914. The disastrous Daily Telegraph foreign policy decisions, as well as the Eulenberg court scandal, had led to plummet of his authority amongst both the German public and its ruling elites; in Kennedy’s phrase he lacked a ‘personal regime’ that would have provided more decisive influence over policy. Wilhelm II confounded his loss of authority by dragging behind him an entourage of incompetent ambassadorial and diplomatic staff such as Pourtales, Wilhelm von Schoen and Karl Max von Lichnowsky. The Imperial Chancellor, Bethmann Hollweg, had often opposed Wilhelm’s decisions i n the years before the war, and at the moment of the Serbian crisis reports show that Bethmann’s power clearly exceeded that possessed by Wilhelm. For instance, on July 5th 1914, Alexander von Hykos, appealed to Germany for aid in the Serbian crisis; Wilhelm II at once promised Ladislaus Szogyeny-Marich, Austria’s ambassador to Berlin German’s total support, but conditioned this promise with the following words ‘. . . that he (Wilhelm) must first hear what the Imperial Chancellor had to say’. Wilhelm II, conscious of previous challenges to his authority by Bethman, did not want to risk humiliation by promising Szogyeny-Marich Germany’s undoubted support, when he had first to inquire from Bethmann whether indeed the government would endorse such a policy. Further, during the crucial days of policy-making after Ferdinand’s assassination, the Imperial Chancellor deliberately kept Wilhelm II on holiday in Norway, and away from Berlin, for as long as possible. Central military policy-makers such as Tirpitz, Falkenhayn, Moltke and Waldersee returned from their holidays on July 24th; Wilhelm II did not return until the 27th — just one day before the Austrian ultimatum to Serbia became effective. Further, the Serbian government had sent a reply to Austria’s ultimatum on July 25th, yet the Chancellor was not permitted to see this reply until after Austria’s declaration of war. On August 1st the Kaiser, now avowing peace, sought to prevent war by halting German military mobilization in the West, thus enabling Britain and France to make declarations of their neutrality. Nonetheless, his interventions were opposed and by both Bethmann Hollweg and Moltke, and these oppositions proved decisive. All in all, such subservience and acquiescence to the Imperial Chancellor and to Moltke shows the fallacy of the power of the official titles held by Wilhelm II: he was Commander-in-Chief only in name, and the decision behind any declaration of war would be made principally by Bethmann Hollweg and by Moltke. As Stevenson has put it: ‘On each policy-making occasion before the war, and whether counselling war or peace, the Kaiser’s demands were overridden’[8]. Initially, the Kaiser gave his total support in the policy of deliberately beginning war, for he, like most Germans, sought to increase Germany’s international prestige. And during this time, it was advantageous for Bethmann and Moltke to let the Kaiser and his entourage believe that he still retained significant power over foreign policy; but the emptiness of that authority quickly becomes evident during the last week of July, when Wilhelm II turns to oppose war, but is thwarted in his attempts by the more powerful Bethmann and Moltke[9]. The last section of this essay implied that the true policy-makers in Berlin in 1914 were Moltke and Bethmann Hollweg and that their intentions were , from the start of the Serbian crisis, and indeed from much earlier, to pursue a deliberate policy of ‘expansive’ war and to replace England’s world political hegemony with its own. This section turns to examine these claims in depth, and to supply evidence for them. Principally, that the German General Staff and War Ministry, frustrated with the failure of imperialist strategy in recent years, and sensing the opportunity for an imperialist advance rapidly failing, that the military deliberately provoked the international community into the inevitability of war. In the days immediately preceding the Austrian declaration of war, and in stark contrast to the nescience of the German public, leading German military figures knew intimately the state of affairs in Austria and Serbia and were controlling both the flow of information about the crisis and the decisions that were to be made based upon it. Many German military figures were, like German politicians, absent on holiday when the Serbian assassination too place; yet unlike the politicians, Germany’s generals returned quickly to Berlin to seize the opportunity to effect their long-term war strategy. For instance, although later denying the accusation, Waldersee was shown, in recently uncovered parliamentary papers, to have returned three times from holiday back to Berlin during the period July 20th—27th. During these visits he was in intimate contact with Austrian military commanders, and was actively gathering extensive military intelligence about the readiness and preparation of the Austrians to go to war. Moltke, likewise, penned to his wife on July 22nd that ‘I am sorry not to be able to stay here (Karlsbad) another week, but I have to return to Berlin’ and ‘Tomorrow, the 23rd is the critical day! I am eager to find out what will happen’[10]. Comments like these imply a War Ministry highly cognizant of the events about them and of the influence that they might have in directing these events. Thus, historians like Mombauer[11], argue that the German military deliberately escalated the already precarious international situation by effecting a ‘military takeover’ in Germany. For instance, on July 29th, Moltke gave Bethmann a document called ‘Summary of the Political Situation’; yet within three days mobilization of the German army had already begun. ‘The spiritual progress of mankind is only possible through Germany. This  is why Germany will not lose this war; it is the only nation that can, at the  present moment, take charge of leading mankind towards a higher destiny’ (Helmuth von Moltke, November 1914)[12] Helmuth von Moltke, Germany’s Chief of the General Staff, and supreme military leader for most of WWI, had great influence the policy-decisions made in the days immediately preceding war. As the above quotation suggests, and as innumerable other bellicose statements of Moltke corroborate, the German military were inspired to war by the patriotic and nationalistic idea that Germany should have international hegemony over the cultural and spiritual life of man. It is consequently very difficult to believe that Moltke, and other similarly minded military leaders, were content to wait patiently for the realization of these ambitions whilst the opportunity to enact them seemed to be dwindling. Instead, the generals knew that success depended upon an aggressive and vigorous provocation of international tensions so as to ignite war. Moltke was instrumental in effecting this provocation and his slogan that war should come ‘the sooner the better’ has lingered in history as a testament to his bellicose intent. Moltke influence over the Sclieffen/Moltke Plan was enormous, and this plan was perhaps the most explicit declaration of aggressive intent seen before the war — deliberately seeking as it did to violate the neutrality of Belgium and Luxemburg so as to provoke a chain-reaction whereby England and France would be drawn into the war also. Mombauer argues that Moltke and his generals had decided long before the war that a successful campaign would have first to swiftly defeat France and the West swiftly, before turning to combat Russia. This plan depended upon strict adherence to a tight military strategy, and therefore the subjugation, of ‘secondary’ political concerns — such as the preservation of peace! Complicit in these preparations for war was the Imperial Chancellor, Bethmann Hollweg. Though he protested somewhat at the celerity with which the military preparations gathered momentum  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€ Hewitson[13] records an argument (Ausienandersetzung) between Molke and Bethmann on July 30th — Bethmann nonetheless was cognizant of the preparations that his military men were making, and of the fact that these preparations were neither for a defensive nor a localized war. To this end, Bethmann told his ambassadors, on the eve of the war, that ‘. . . we have accepted the role of mediator’ — confirming his acquiescence to the generals’ will. Stevenson argues that Bethmann’s outward protests against war, such as his last minute demand for a ‘halt in Belgrade’, were never pursued vigorously enough or believed either by Bethmann himself or by the military. An entry from General Falkenhayn’s diary, dated July 30th, states that, af ter talks with Bethmann, Falkenhayn had ‘. . . got the decision accepted over the imminent danger of war’[14]. In other words, Bethmann either willingly consented or meekly acquiesced to the preparations for war as readied by Moltke. Wilson argues further that, rather than having a ‘military take-over’ forced upon his government, and thereby being unwillingly dragged into conflict, Bethmann in fact, on the evening of July 30th, still had the chance to pressure Austria to restrict its military mobilization and therefore to slow-down Russia’s also. Bethmann made no such appeal, and therefore, Wilson argues, endorsed the military’s aggressive planning. In the final analysis, the two principal policy-makers in Berlin in 1914 were Molke and Bethmann — though considerably aided by the Kaiser, even if he was not always fully conscious of his contribution to these decisions. The impossibility of maintaining the old argument that German policy-makers only entered WWI in self-defence, and then that they only intended a localized war, ought to be evident to any modern and objective historian. Since Fischer’s seminal War of Illusions was published in the 1967, historians of all countries, aided by the discovery of a vast amount of documentation from the period, have begun to ask not whether Germany sought war deliberately, but why she did so. Principally, Germany sought war because, since the efflorescence of national pride engendered by unification in 1871, Germany possessed a craving to follow the imperialist expansion of countries like England and France — a longing immortalized in the German caricature of Sleepy Mic hael, who has ‘woken up too late’ to claim his part of the international map. In 1914 Moltke and his military advisors thought they saw a moment to realize these ambitions. The European political and military conditions of 1914, aided by the catalyst of Archduke Ferdinand’s assassination, seemed to open a window for a ‘now or never’ lightning military thrust. The usual checks such as the Reichstag and public opinion that might have prevented or at least localized the war, were bypassed by the rapidity of events in the last week of July 1914, and by the lack of information that was made available to these groups. A historian’s final reflection on the question of policy might then be this: that Germany’s irrepressible jealousy of Britain, born out of convictions of her own cultural and spiritual supremacy, led her policy-makers to deliberately engineer the inevitability of war. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brose, E.D. (2001). The Kaiser’s Army: The Politics of Military Technology During the Machine Age. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Carroll, E.M. (1938). Germany and the Great Powers, 1860-1914. New York, Fantasy Press. Coetzee, M.S. (1990). The German Army League: Popular Nationalism in Wilhelmine Germany. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Cole, T.F. (1991). German Decision-Making on the Eve of the First-World War. Kaisermunch Press, Munich, Ferro, M. (1995). The Great War: 1914-1918. London. Fischer, F. (1967). War of Illusions: German Policies From 1911 to 1914. Catto   Windus Ltd, London. Gerghahn, V.R. (1993). Germany and the Approach of War. Herwig, H. (1991). The Outbreak of World War I: Causes and Responsibilities. (5th Ed.) Lexington, Massachusetts. Kennedy, P.M. (Edit.) (1979). The War Plans of the Great Powers: 1880-1914. New Haven, London. Kessel, E. (1957). Moltke. Stuttgart.   Mombauer, A. (2001). Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World  War. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. O’Connell, R.L. (1989). Of Arms and Men: A History of War, Weapons and Aggression. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Quirk, R (Et. Al.). (1989). The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Stevenson, D. (1988). The First World War and International Politics. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Wilson, K. M. (1995). Decisions for War: 1914. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1 Footnotes [1] Hewitson, M. (2002). Germany and the Causes of the First World War. Berg, Oxford, p. 195. [2] Hewitson, M. (2002). Germany and the Causes of the First World War. Berg, Oxford, p. 198. [3] Herwig, H. (1991). The Outbreak of World War I: Causes and Responsibilities. (5th Ed.) Lexington,  Massachusetts, p55. [4] [5] Carroll, E.M. (1938). Germany and the Great Powers, 1860-1914. New York, Fantasy Press, p190. [6] Stevenson, D. (1988). The First World War and International Politics. Oxford University Press,  Oxford. [7] Kennedy, P.M. (Edit.) (1979). The War Plans of the Great Powers: 1880-1914. New Haven, London. [8] Stevenson, D. (1988). The First World War and International Politics. Oxford University Press,  Oxford, p200. [9] Stevenson, D. (1988). The First World War and International Politics. Oxford University Press,  Oxford, p251. [10] Hewitson, M. (2002). Germany and the Causes of the First World War. Berg, Oxford, p. 210. [11] Mombauer, A. (2001). Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War. Cambridge  University Press, Cambridge, p433. [12] Mombauer, A. (2001). Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War. Cambridge  University Press, Cambridge, p283. [13] Hewitson, M. (2002). Germany and the Causes of the First World War. Berg, Oxford, p202. [14] Wilson, K. M. (1995). Decisions for War: 1914. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Educating Rita :: essays research papers

In Willy Russel’s play "Educating Rita," some marks of a love story are to be noticed between both characters. They each show marks of affection for each other. The main aspect of a love story is to have two characters of opposite sex, being attracted to one another. The attraction of two people especially deals with having a relationship. In "Educating Rita," this is not the case because only the male character is attracted to the female. In a love story, both characters are dependent on each other. They cannot live without their mate. At the beginning of the play, Rita is dependent on Frank, although she is not attracted to him. "What do you want to know? – Everything." Later on however, she becomes independent, and does not need him to live with. This point in the play divides the love in the story since Rita does not see Frank as often, and seems to care less about him. Throughout the play, Frank has the completely opposite aspect. He doesn’t need her at the beginning, only giving her literature lessons, and after a while, feels very attracted to her and will find it extremely hard to keep on living without her. "Rita. Don’t go." In the beginning of the play, both characters start out living with someone else. Rita is married and lives with her husband, and Frank lives with his girlfriend. This is unusual, because a love story never starts this way. In a love story, the couple usually agrees on every point discussed, however not always, or generally shares all of their common interests. These two characters do not share all the same common interests. One loves the drink, the other hates it. "Y’ wanna be careful with that stuff, it kills y’ brain cells." A perfect example of a love story is "Sleeping Beauty." The two main characters contain all of the characteristics to make a perfect couple. "Romeo and Juliet" is also a very good love story, however ending in a tragedy. In "Educating Rita," the two characters only present a few of these attributes. The first time that Rita meets Frank, she tells him everything that passes through her mind. She talks about her problems and her future, and tries to learn the most she can about her teacher. Frank respects Rita very much because she tells him everything. He admires her for that quality that he has never seen in any other person.

Poverty in America: A Global Epidemic

A Global Epidemic Ben Sims Sociology 445: Contemporary Social Problems Professor Shannon Sellers August 2, 2014 Of all the social problems that exist within America today, poverty Is undoubtedly the most prevalent . The stigma of poverty Is no longer solely the plight of third world countries, but rather an epidemic that has vigorously manifested itself in the united States at an alarming rate. Yes, in America, the country teeming with an abundance of natural resources and the patents to the most pioneering technological advances f modern time, Indisputably faces an unprecedented burden of poverty.It is estimated that more than 46 million Americans live in poverty in the US (Tighten 157). American families are increasingly finding themselves struggling to make ends meet, and with the continuing rate of unemployment and the rapid increases to the cost of living more and more families are left to choose between the very basic necessities of life such as food, shelter and healthcare. Po verty has also had a profound impact on education and crime, predominantly in inner-city communities where the wealth inequality is most apparent.With all the carnage caused by poverty being distinctly obvious In America why Is nothing being done about It? Does anyone care? Sadly, the most egregious aspect of the epidemic of poverty in America is that it doesn't have to exist at all. The US ultimately has the resources and means to eliminate poverty altogether, if only it was placed as a high enough priority. To truly comprehend the profound impact that poverty has had on America, there must first be an understanding of what poverty essentially means and how It was caused.Webster dictionary describes poverty as â€Å"the state of one who lacks a usual 1 OFF Dictionary). The textbook however, offers a more in-depth perspective on the term stating that poverty is â€Å"a standard of living below the minimum needed for the maintenance of adequate diet, health and shelter† (Tigh ten 181). This definition implies that the poverty threshold is based on those who can make the minimum amount of money required to maintain a decent level of life and those who cannot. Although these particular descriptions of poverty are not necessarily wrong, they are also not entirely accurate.When most people think of poverty the assumption may be that the core percentage of those actually living in poverty are the homeless or unemployed, but relative to popular belief most of the people living in poverty actually work. They are classified as the working poor. According to US Census data over 2. 6 million full-time workers lived below the poverty line in 2010 (Tighten 161). How is this possible? First and foremost, the federal minimum wage requirement in the United States is $7. 25. So for an employee who works 40 hours a week their total monthly salary would be $1 , 165. 0 before taxes. Now let's analyze how much it would cost for an average American earning a minimum wage sal ary to pay for the 3 most Asia necessities in life: food, shelter and health care. The average percentage that Americans pay in housing costs is approximately 28 to 35 percent of their take home pay (Curmudgeon, 2010). 28 percent of $1,160. 00 is $324. 80. According too 2010 survey conducted by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics Americans spend roughly $1 51. 00 a week on food, equaling a whopping $604. 00 a month (Mended, 2012).If we add the average monthly cost of healthcare under Beam's Affordable Care Act, which is $328. 00 (Persuade, 2014), the total monthly expenses for Just the basic necessities alone is a staggering $1 ,256. 0. The basic necessities alone total more than the average worker, earning minimum wage, in America makes in a month and that figure still doesn't account for utility bills, transportation and other miscellaneous expenses. Not to mention the addition of a spouse or children. It is important to understand that poverty is a very complex social dilemma, with a variety of unfounded stereotypes that persist about its causes.One of the most common misconceptions about poverty is that the poor inherently cause their own poverty, alluding to the poor having a lack of drive and ambition necessary to change heir financial status. This perception is often referred to as the person-blame approach . This means that social problems such as poverty are the result of the pathologies of individuals (Tighten 163). Although this notion is credible, in this particular instance, it is slightly off kilter due to that fact that even though 2. Million people go to work and log over 40 hours a week they still won't surpass the threshold of even half of the nation's median salary. And therein lies the problem. The issue is not whether members of society are willing to work, because not only are a majority f the poor willing and able to work hard, they do so when given the opportunity. The real root of the problem is the minimum wage requirement in the US and the lack of access to adequate education and training necessary to acquire better-paying Jobs.The system-blame approach is more fitting in this instance because there is no shortage of people willing to work but rather a shortage in the amount that is being paid out for said work. There is also no shortage in people willing to procure and utilize the sufficient training and education needed to attain better employment but underprivileged. Although the government has in fact tried to implement programs to solve the problem of poverty in America, many of these programs contained crucial flaws and in many cases made the predicament worse. Welfare is the most notable of these programs.Welfare was established to assist underprivileged families and individuals get out of poverty (Tighten 165), but have ultimately led to a disturbing rate of dependency. Instead of assisting families welfare had essentially enabled them in many ways, with a vast majority of recipients not feeling the need to work. Provisions thin the program even made it easier to stay on welfare than to seek employment and encouraged unmarried woman to have children. Thus, the enactment of the Welfare Reform Act of 1996. This bill was established to reduce the number of families and individuals dependent on government assistance.These institutional changes helped to reduce welfare dependency by mandating that recipients actively seek work while receiving government assistance, increasing the level of accountability for those in need of financial aid. The government also developed several other programs in an effort to curve poverty such as the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANK) which provides financial assistance to low-income families but also requires them to work at least 20 hours a week to receive benefits (Saddler, 2012).Addition services such as Medicaid, Food Stamps and WICK were all established to essentially assist low-income families achieve financial stability while pro gressively becoming independent of all government aid. Although these programs and institutional amendments have been extremely valuable in assisting the poor and underprivileged maintain a sustainable level of life, unfortunately they haven't been enough to end or even cut the poverty level in Alfa.These programs have ultimately helped sustain the global threshold of poverty in many ways by serving to only assist low-income families get through financial difficulties instead of helping them get out. The only way for members of the underprivileged society to rise above poverty is to provide the means to earn more than the nation's median income. This goes back to the need for programs that assist individuals in acquiring the knowledge and training necessary to acquire higher paying Jobs and also for the government to raise the minimum wage requirement.Perhaps the most compelling explanation for the persistence of poverty is the remarry of private profit. The basic principle of capit alism is – who gets what is determined solely by private profit rather than collective need (Tighten 173). By private corporations emphasizing the theory of maximizing profits they ultimately end up endorsing poverty. This is done by companies paying their workers the minimum amount possible including benefits and pocketing the wealth that was created by laborers and distributing it among the owners instead of the working class.Primacy of profit also endorses poverty by employing a bevy of uneducated and desperate laborers who are eager to work for low wages. Many of these laborers are illegal immigrants and don't view having benefits as a necessity. This in turn makes it extremely profitable for owners of businesses and large corporations to hire these workers because of the amount of money that they will be able to save while still being able to employ laborers full time.Poverty is supported and maintained through my belief that the US government has made attempts to curve the impact of poverty, I believe that the United States has the power to end poverty all together. This can be accomplished by making poverty a top priority. The United States spends roughly 712. Billion dollars of our nation's defense each year (Tighten 177). A percentage of that figure can be deducted and contributed to combat poverty without Jeopardizing our nations' defense at all.This extra money could be used to provide adequate schooling and fund programs that promote academic advancement in inner-city communities. Those funds could also be used to provide training seminars for individuals with limited education who seek higher paying Jobs and wish to be more competitive candidates in today's Job market. Most importantly however, those funds could be used to raise the federal minimum wage requirement to a level that allows ore people to earn above or at least earn wages comparable to the nation's median salary.